Acids
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28.10.08
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AQUAFORTIS (CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID)
Concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), obtained by autoclaving of weak nitric acid and nitric oxides, and produced in two grades - A and B.
Nitric acid of grade A is used in the production of electronic and radio-electronic industry products, the nitration processes of organic compounds, the production of explosives, at chemical treatment of metals, medical industry, the production of plastics.
Nitric acid of grade B is used for galvanic works in the production of chemical reagents, for dissolution of impurities of the industrial products, the nitrating processes of the organic compounds, and the production of explosives.
Concentrated nitric acid is a non-combustible, fire-dangerous liquid and strong oxidizing agent.
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
| Main specifications | Normal values for the grade | |
|---|---|---|
| A | B | |
| Mass fraction of nitric acid, %, no less than | 98.6 | 97.5 |
| Mass fraction of sulfuric acid, %, no more than | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| Mass fraction of nitrogen oxide, (N2O4), %, no more than | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Mass fraction of residues after incineration, %, no more than | 0.014 | 0.025 |
Concentrated nitric acid is transported by railway transports in the special aluminum tanks, by car transports in aluminum barrels. Concentrated nitric acid provokes heavy burns when contacting with skin. Vapors of nitric acid irritate the upper air passages, cause conjunctivitis and attack corneas of eyes.
WEAK NITRIC ACID
Weak nitric acid (HNO3) is produced by absorption of nitrogen oxide by water. It is used for the production of ammonium nitrate, complex fertilizers, oxidative processes of pickling metals, for the needs of the national economy. Weak nitric acid is a non-combustible, fire-dangerous liquid. It provokes self-ignition at contact with many combustible materials.
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
| Main specifications | Normal values for the grade | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Top grade | 1st grade | 2nd grade | |
| Appearance | Colorless or yellow liquid, free of suspended matter | ||
| Mass fraction of nitric acid, %, no less than | 57.0 | 56.0 | 46.0 |
| Mass fraction of nitrogen oxide, %, no more than (in calculation on N2O4) | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Mass fraction of the residues after incineration, %, no more than | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
Weak nitric acid is transported by all types of transports according to the transportation rules acting on the given type of transports. One should use the individual protective agents of skin and respiratory organs working with acid. The warranty period of storage is 6 months from the manufacturing date of the product.
REACTIVE NITRIC ACID
Reactive nitric acid (HNO3) is used in printing industry, in the production of medicinal substances and as reagents. It is produced by a method of absorption by water of nitrite gases formed at oxidation of ammonia by oxygen of air with a catalyst. Nitric acid is colorless or a slightly yellowish liquid with suffocating odor. It is produced according to GOST 4461-77 in the class as "clear", “clear for analysis”, "chemically pure".
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
| Main specifications | “Clear” OKP code 2612110011 |
“Clear for analysis” OKP code 2612110012 |
|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction of nitric acid, %, no less than | 56 | 56 |
| Mass fraction of residues after incineration as sulphates, %, no more than | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Mass fraction of sulphates (SО4), %, no more than | 0.0020 | 0.0005 |
Reactive acid is filled in and transported in 20 l glass bottles placed in polyethylene barrels. The product is stored in the covered store rooms. It is not allowed collateral storage and transportation of nitric acid with organic substances and combustibles. The warranty period of storage is 6 months.
ULTRACLEAN NITRIC ACID
Ultraclean nitric acid (HNO3) represents a product of multistage distillation of technical concentrated nitric acid with washing vapors of the acid by reflux, their condensation and the subsequent dilution up to the necessary concentration by water distillate in the installation from quartz glass.
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
| Mass fraction of nitric acid, %, no less than | 70 |
| Mass fraction of nitrogen oxide, %, no more than | 0.1 |
Ultraclean nitric acid is used in the production of semiconductors, radio-electronic devices, metals and alloys, catalysts, ion-exchange resins, lasers, rare elements, for conducting precise scientific researches. Nitric acid ultraclean of grades 27-4, 27-5, 33-4 is colorless or a slightly yellowish liquid with penetrating odor. It decomposes at heating with evolution of nitrogen oxide.
Ultraclean nitric acid is filled into in 20 l glass bottles and closed immediately by the shut-off device. Glass bottles are placed into polyethylene barrels. It is transported by all types of transports. Bottles with ultraclean nitric acid are stored in the common warehouse dark rooms separately from other reagents at the temperature not higher than 30°С.